Medical Glossary

Congenital foot malformation with equinus, varus, and supination. Treated with Ponseti method.

Contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle that tilts the head to one side. Present from birth.

Internal rotation of the femur relative to the hip. Causes walking with toes pointing inward (in-toeing).

External rotation of the femur. Causes walking with toes pointing outward (out-toeing).

Reduction or absence of the medial plantar arch. Physiological until 6-7 years, may require treatment if symptomatic afterward.

Flatfoot that forms an arch when on tiptoes or at rest. Most common form, usually benign.

Ultrasound classification system for neonatal hip. Type I (normal), II (immature), III-IV (dysplastic/dislocated).

Abnormal development of the hip joint where the femoral head is not well contained in the acetabulum. Diagnosed with ultrasound in newborns.

Accentuation of the thoracic kyphotic curve. Often postural, but can be structural (Scheuermann's disease).

Non-invasive exam to evaluate hip development in the first months of life. Recommended screening.

Difference in length between lower limbs. Can be real (bone) or functional (postural).

Medial deviation of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot. Common in newborns, often resolves spontaneously.

Subluxation of the radial head typical in children under 5. Caused by sudden pulling of the arm.

Group of conditions affecting growth cartilage during growth, causing localized pain.

Inflammation of the anterior tibial tuberosity. Causes pain below the knee in athletic adolescents.

Trunk orthosis used for conservative treatment of scoliosis. Types: Cheneau, Milwaukee, Boston.

Custom plantar support used to correct foot or weight-bearing abnormalities.

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in pediatric age (3-12 years). Causes hip/knee pain and limping.

Harness used for treating hip dysplasia in the first months of life.

Knee that extends excessively backward beyond the neutral position. Can be physiological in very flexible children.

Flatfoot that does not form an arch in any position. May indicate tarsal coalition or other abnormalities.

Slipping of the femoral head through the growth plate. Typical in adolescents, requires urgent intervention.

Lateral deviation of the spine with rotation of the vertebral bodies. Can be idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular.

Juvenile structural kyphosis with wedging of thoracic vertebrae. Causes back pain in adolescents.

Forward slippage of one vertebra over another. Common in athletes (gymnastics, swimming).

Stress fracture of the vertebral isthmus. May precede spondylolisthesis.

Inflammation of the calcaneal apophysis (heel). Causes heel pain in athletic children aged 8-14.

Inflammation of the inferior pole of the patella. Similar to Osgood-Schlatter but located higher.

Rotation of the tibia along its axis. Can be internal or external and affects foot direction during walking.

Deviation of a bone segment outward. In the knee, it causes 'knock knees' (genu valgum), common in children aged 2-7.

Deviation of a bone segment inward. In the knee, it causes 'bowlegs' (genu varum).